Neumonía criptogénica organizada como diagnóstico diferencial de neumonía que no responde a tratamiento / Cryptogenic organizing non-resolving pneumonia.Report of one case

Non-resolving pneumonia is a common clinical problem that prolongs morbidity and increases hospitalization costs. We report an 82 year-old non-smoking female who was admitted with chronic diarrhea and later developed nosocomial pneumonia. Lung infiltrates did not resolve despite sequential antibiotic treatments. Infectious causes such as resistant nosocomial pathogens, respiratory viruses, tuberculosis, Legionellosis, cytomegalovirus or agents associated with HIV infection were discarded. Non-infectious causes such as thromboembolic lung disease, neoplasms and rheumatic disorders were also ruled out. An exudative pleural effusion was detected, but the study was unremarkable. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and a transbronchial biopsy, revealed nonspecific findings. The patient persisted febrile, required non-invasive mechanical ventilation and displayed a migratory pattern of lung infiltrates that motivated a second biopsy, this time by open thoracotomy, showing a cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. The patient's conditions improved after treatment with adrenal steroids. In patients with non-resolving pneumonia, a dedicated and comprehensive study should be done using invasive procedures and considering both infectious and non-infectious causes. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is one of the alternatives that is potentially treatable, but often underdiagnosed.

Biliary Cast Formation with Sclerosing Cholangitis in Critically Ill Patient: Case Report and Literature Review

Sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SC-CIP) is a rare condition that is not familiar to many radiologists. In addition, the associated imaging findings have not been described in the radiological literature. We report a case of biliary cast formation with SC-CIP and describe the radiological findings of CT, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). A diagnosis of SC-CIP should be considered in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with persistent cholestasis during or after a primary illness. The typical CT, MRCP and ERC findings include new biliary casts in the intrahepatic duct with multiple irregular strictures, dilatations, and relative sparing of the common bile duct.

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia: clinical profile in a series of 34 admitted patients in a hospital in India.

OBJECTIVES: Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP) is a relatively rare disorder which is gratifying to treat due to its prompt steroid responsiveness. There have been only 2 case reports on COP from India but no large series entity reported from this country. METHODS: The medical records of all patients with biopsy (histopathology) proven COP admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai (2000-2005) were retrospectively analyzed. We looked at clinical and radiographic profiles, initial diagnosis and treatment, lag period to starting definitive therapy and steroid responsiveness. RESULTS: When compared to other series of patients with COP, our series showed several similarities and some differences. Distinctive features were the striking female preponderance and the utility of transbronchial biopsies in establishing the diagnosis. Long delays in diagnosis with patients mislabeled as tuberculosis or pneumonia, lead to delays in starting steroids resulting in 21% of our patients continuing to deteriorate. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive review of COP, the first of its kind from India, reveals its varied clinical and radiographic spectrum. A high index of suspicion will lead to prompt steroid therapy which will result in better patient outcome.

Bronquiolite obliterante com pneumonia em organização / Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia

Uma paciente 48 anos apresentou-se, assintomática, mas com achado radiológico de condensações alveolares, algumas constituindo nódulos em lobo superior direito, lobo médio e língula com predomínio perihilar. Foi considerado o diagnóstico diferencial de neoplasia, sarcoidose, doenças granulomatosas e tuberculose, entre outras doenças. O diagnóstico de bronquiolite obliterante com pneumonia em organização foi estabelecido através de videotoracoscopia e foi iniciado o tratamento com esteróides. Houve boa evolução com resolução radiológica.

Recidiva en bronquiolitis obliterante con neumonía en organización: BOOP / Relapsein bronchholitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: boop

Although relapses are frequent in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), there is scant information regarding the causes underlying its occurrence. We report a 63 year old woman with clinical and radiological features compatible with BOOP. No underlying cause was identified so she was thought to have cryptogenic BOOP or cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP). A transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrated chronic organizing pneumonia and features of proliferative bronchiolitis. She was successfully treated with prednisone. On the eighth month of steroid therapy, while tapering the dose, she begun with cough and dyspnea and developed new lung infiltrates on the chest x-ray film. The infiltrates cleared rapidly after increasing the dose of steroids. We discuss the possible causes of relapse in BOOP and its relation to steroid therapy.

Las recaídas son frecuentes en la bronquiolitis obliterante con neumonía en organización (BOOP), sin embargo, existe poca información con respecto a su causa. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 63 años con un cuadro clínico radiológico compatible con BOOP. No se identificó una causa subyacente por lo que se planteó el diagnóstico de neumonía en organización criptogénica o COP. Se realizaron biopsias transbronquiales que demostraron una neumonía crónica organizada y bronquiolitis proliferativa. Se trató con prednisona con buena respuesta. Al octavo mes de tratamiento, mientras se disminuía la dosis de esteroides, comenzó con disnea y tos y aparición de nuevas opacidades pulmonares radiológicos, las que regresaron rápidamente al aumentar la dosis de esteroides. Discutimos las causas posibles de la recidiva de esta patología y su relación con la disminución de la dosis de esteroides.

O espectro clínico e radiológico da pneumonia em organização: análise retrospectiva de 38 casos / Clinical and radiographic spectrum of organizing pneumonia: retrospective analysis of 38 cases

A pneumonia em organização, acompanhada ou não de bronquiolite obliterante, é uma condição anatomopatológica pulmonar específica com uma grande variedade de apresentações clínicas e radiológicas. A pneumonia em organização pode ser idiopática ou secundária a várias doenças, incluindo infecções e drogas. Objetivos: Descrever as manifestações clínicas, dados radiológicos e espirométricos de pacientes com pneumonia em organização. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de pacientes com o diagnóstico de pneumonia em organização. Resultados: 38 pacientes foram incluídos na análise. Quatorze apresentavam também condições clínicas relacionadas à pneumonia em organização, e estes mais freqüentemente apresentaram infiltração pulmonar difusa (três de quatro casos) e bronquiolite obliterante associada (57 por cento vs. 20 por cento, p = 0,05). Dos 13 pacientes com bronquiolite obliterante associada apenas um era assintomático e dois apresentavam lesões localizadas (15 por cento). De oito pacientes assintomáticos com lesões localizadas, nenhum possuía bronquiolite obliterante associada, e a apresentação radiológica freqüentemente mimetizou carcinoma brônquico. A espirometria de modo geral não contribuiu sobremaneira para o diagnóstico, provavelmente devido à alta prevalência de tabagismo na amostra. Conclusões: A pneumonia em organização possui apresentação clínica e radiológica variada. Fatores que sugerem a ausência de bronquiolite obliterante são a ausência de sintomas e lesões radiológicas localizadas, e esta forma da doença mais freqüentemente deve ser diferenciada de carcinoma brônquico na prática clínica

A Case of BOOP Developed during Bucillamine Treatment for Rheumatoid

We describe a patient with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) who developed bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia(BOOP) during the treatment of bucillamine. A 51 year-old man was admitted to the hospital for an abnormal shadow on his chest radiogragh. He had been diagnosed as having RA 3 years previously and had been receiving 200 mg of bucillamine for 21 months. Two months prior to admission, he presented with a cough and his chest X-ray showed opacities in both lower lungs. He was treated with antibiotics for 2 months after the development of cough and lesions on the chest X-ray, but the symptoms and lung lesions became more aggravated. On admission, an HRCT revealed airspace consolidations in the subpleural space of both basal lungs and a CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy showed Masson's body filling air space, interstitial infiltration of acute and chronic inflammatory cells and type II cell hyperplasia, consistent with BOOP. Bucillamine was stopped and 50 mg of prednisolone was administered. His symptoms and infiltrations on the chest X-ray resolved. We suggest that bucillamine should be considered as a drug possibly associated with BOOP.

Neumonía intersticial no específica / Diffuse idiopathic interstitial lung disease

Se presenta un paciente, clínicamente calificado como broncoquiolitis obliterante con neumonía demostró una neumonía intersticial inespecífica, entidad poco frecuente, recientemente descrita, cuyo reconocimiento es importante por responder a tratamiento corticoidal, al contrario de la fibrosis intersticial usual, afección más frecuente con la cual ha sido confundida bajo la categoría clínica de fibrosis pulmonar idiopática

Biopsia pulmonar de enfermos críticos en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva / Open lung biopsy in severely ill patient at the Intensive Care Unit

Antecedentes: El diagnóstico y tratamiento de las neumopatías asociadas al respirador requiere habitualmente el uso de técnicas cruentas en enfermos graves. Objetivo: Determinar la seguridad y la confiabilidad de la biopsia de pulmón a cielo abierto en la cama de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) y su influencia sobre la evolución de los enfermos. Lugar de aplicación: Unidad de Terapia Intensiva de Adultos de un Hospital Universitario. Población: Once enfermos sometidos a asistencia respiratoria mecánica, con rápido deterioro de su función respiratoria e inestabilidad hemodinámica. Diseño: Análisis retrospectivo evaluando parámetros respiratorios y hemodinámicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento previos y posteriores al procedimiento. Métodos: Biopsia de pulmón a cielo abierto en la cama del enfermo de UTI empleando suturas mecánicas por toracotomía mínima (5 cm). Procesado del material en forma inmediata (microbiología y anatomía patológica). Resultados: En 10 de los 11 enfermos hubo cmabio de diagnóstico y tratamiento y 3 enfermos sobrevivieron y pudieron ser dados de alta. Solamente un enfermo presentó una complicación relacionada con el procedimiento. Conclusión: La biopsia de pulmón en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva es segura y confiable; cambia el diagnóstico y el tratamiento en la mayoría de los enfermos, con bajo índice de complicaciones relacionadas

Bronquiolitis obliterante con neumonia organizada asociada a purpura trombocitopenica idiopatica / Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 35 años portadora de una púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (PTI), esplenectomizada y en tratamiento con corticoides y ciclosporina, que desarrolla una neumopatía intersticial bilateral, con incapacidad ventilatoria mixta e insuficiencia respiratoria parcial. Durante su enfermedad produce una seroconversión para el virus de Epstein Barr con alteraciones en el hepatograma. Se diagnostica, por examen anatomopatológico, una bronquiolitis obliterante con neumonía organizada (BOOP). El cuadro remite sin mediar medicación alguna, coincidiendo con la suspensión de la ciclosporina. No existen publicaciones previas de BOOP asociada a PTI, ni en donde se mencionen como desencadenantes de este cuadro a la ciclosporina o a la infección por el virus Epstein Barr.

Patología de la pequeña vía aérea / High resolution CT in adult bronchiolitis

Las anormalidades bronquiales pueden ser detectadas por aumento o disminución de la densidad del parénquima pulmonar. Cuando ésta disminuye se manifiesta por la existencia de lesiones de tipo destructivo; enfisema, bullas, quistes, bronquioloectasias, o indirectamente por disminución de la perfusión y atrapamiento aéreo. El aumento de densidad puede ser detectado cuando hay engrosamiento de la pared del bronquiolo, inflamación, fibrosis y obstrucción de la luz. Las enfermedades representantes son: la bronquiolitis obliterante, bronquiolitis obliterante con neumonía en organización, bronquiolitis respiratoria y la panbronquiolitis. La Tomografía Computada con alta resolución es la mejor modalidad de imagen para estudiar el parénquima y la vía aérea pulmonar, a través del conocimiento de la anatomía del lóbulo secundario. Si bien es cierto que muchos de los signos para el diagnóstico son indirectos y poco específicos, poder detectar las lesiones favorece el tratamiento médico y orienta la realización de una biopsia pulmonar que dará el diagnóstico definitivo